Designed ecological (green) method

I. Introduction

Here are some metrics for ecological design. However, it is important to remind designers that ecological design does not merely satisfy these criteria, but rather to ensure that a design is as comprehensive as possible: to have minimal systemic impact (or to produce the greatest beneficial impact) on ecosystems and non-renewable energy sources in the biosphere. .

Ecological design involves the overall consideration of design and the careful use of energy and materials in the system being designed. Through design, efforts are made to reduce the impact of this use on the natural environment (and its integration with the natural environment). It involves the cycle from raw material to waste in the system being designed.

We can build these elements that need to be considered in a framework that includes the interaction between the built environment and the ecological environment. These interactions resemble the concept of an open system. Based on the above elements, these interactions can be summarized into several basic types:

The external interdependence of the system being designed (outside the system or the environment);

The internal interdependence of the system being designed (internal relationship of the system);

Internal and external exchanges of energy and substances (for system input);

In a design ecological research approach, we must consider all these factors and their interrelationships at the same time.

Second, the key metrics

1. Assess the need for construction: Consider the user before placing it on the hardware; assess the level of protection provided by the internal environmental system. Prior to investing in design, from the perspective of ecological sensitivity, design points, project basis, and user requirements are evaluated.

2. Assessing land for construction: Land planning (eg, construction location, bump profile, roads, paved areas, etc.) should be based on ecological land use. The buildings are to be arranged within the lot and have the least amount of damage and impact on the ecosystem in which they are located. Combine animal and plant species with local characteristics to increase the ecological value of the lot.

Assess the impact of wind on the local area: Reduce the impact of wind on pedestrians and surrounding buildings.

Check the shading of other buildings; determine the position of the building in the lot, and avoid the existence of blockage of nearby buildings and lots. The shape of the building can be based on the sunshine envelope of the lot, so as to avoid potential shading of the nearby lot. This affects the potential solar applications in adjacent locations and overwintering conditions in temperate climate locations.

Check outdoor noise: by design, ensure that the noise intensity of the nearest residential building exposed outside is lower than the background noise level at any time during the day from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. during the day and not exceed 11 p.m. The level of background noise at any time up to 7am the next morning.

3. Assess the properties of the building: Add the complete regeneration cycle and reproducibility factors of the material and consider the effect of the energy value embodied in the materials used in the construction and maintenance process. Consider the role of local materials in the main building components.

Assess the impact of buildings on the environment: Examine the environmental impact of materials and energy flows in building products.

Assessing natural resource consumption and recycled materials: Arrange materials specifically to consider the depletion of natural resources (eg wood/timber products from sustainable sources). Recycling of damaged materials under suitable conditions.

Assess Hazardous Materials: Avoid using specific known hazardous materials (such as wood preservatives) in any potential, uneconomical alternatives.

Evaluate the impact of building construction: Construction operations should not result in damage to the ecosystem in and around the lot. The long-term success of a "sustainable" design also requires extra attention to the control of construction, commissioning and construction use.

Environmental operations that require contractors to write contracts include: developing and implementing an environmental program for the project; reducing waste as much as possible; making full use of energy and other resources to prevent pollution; making use of recycled or renewable materials or components where possible; minimizing traffic Demand (including inbound/outbound materials); reasonable handling of unavoidable waste, including full service from relevant regulations. Clean up the site at the end of the project.

Assessment of external landscape design: Microclimate improvement can be achieved through location planning and landscape design. Four major factors affect human comfort: solar radiation, air temperature, air flow, temperature or precipitation. When the combined effects of these elements do not cause uncomfortable pressure on people, the conditions reach human comfort. The closer the outdoor climate is to this range, the less energy is needed to create an indoor climate. The landscape form can have a beneficial effect on the energy consumption of the building, thus reducing costs and improving the microclimate. The landscape design should aim to improve the microclimate of the space surrounding the building and provide a more comfortable environment for people using this space. Provides a combination of architectural and landscape design enrichment features. The combination of the designed system with the landscape plants has resulted in the development and flexibility of the local ecosystem. Use vertical landscapes and plants to lower the surrounding temperature.

4. Assess the impact of building operations: maximize the use of passive energy systems to use the surrounding energy channels: building shape, building orientation, facade design, daylight control devices, building exterior color, vertical landscape, natural ventilation, to design for all The user understands and implements simple controls for control.

Make the most of non-renewable resources (such as photovoltaic energy).

Reduce carbon dioxide generated by energy consumption; control carbon dioxide production to less than 50 kg/year·m2.

Controlling Acid Rain: Boiler NOx emissions should be less than 200 mg/kWh.

Avoid ozone depletion due to CFCs, HCFCs, and halogens: use halogen-free, ozone-free refrigeration equipment; use ozone-free insulation for structures and enclosures.

By design, the storage of recyclable materials is achieved: under adequate conditions, sufficient space is provided for the isolation of reusable waste and recyclable collections.

Make the most of natural ventilation passive systems. Passive smoking and moisture: The majority of the space is designed for natural ventilation and smoking is prohibited in the room; avoiding the need for moist plants; careful design of temperature systems in unnatural ventilation; indoor air quality should be C25 liters per person (eg without passing through Recirculate completely fresh air); use natural ventilation.

A passive system that maximizes the use of natural and artificial lighting: Provides high-quality visual comfort in the office through lighting. To maximize the use of the working area of ​​daylight to reach at least 80% of the total area used for office work, reaching the second part of the daylighting standard BS8206 set by the United Kingdom. All lamps with output fluctuations (such as fluorescent lamps) should be equipped with high-frequency ballasts, lamp grills or special glass.

Examine thermal comfort and overheating: Minimize the risk of overheating and discomfort by supplementing the planned natural ventilation and night cooling measures in favor of passive design factors. Satisfactory operation is achieved through CIBSE consistent calculations.

Control Room Noise: Achieving a comfortable acoustic environment in offices and meeting rooms. Private offices and small conference rooms - 40 decibels; large conference rooms - 45 decibels, acoustic insulation of the building and noise reduction consistent with British Standard BS8233:1987.

Check the energy consumption in the life cycle (eg, the effectiveness of energy conversion), minimize the energy consumption during operation, and it is itself the largest share of the building energy use.

Assess water pollution: reduce water loss in the lot to manage pollution at the source in terms of loss of surface water. Promote water absorption and return groundwater.

Evaluate transportation energy: Minimize the parking of cars in the lot; establish policies to encourage public transportation and do not advocate the use of cars. Evaluate indoor air quality: particulate filtration;

Evaluate air quality/CO2; decoration/maintenance; provide natural ventilation through openable windows and maintain CIBSE recommended ventilation rate. Avoid air circulation; use indoor plants to absorb VOCs.

Designing internal water preservation: Designed to reduce the demand from dry pipes to drinking water. Water Cycle Plans; Rainwater Utilization; Wastewater Treatment Plans: Sewer Sediment Utilization; Water Efficiency Management Measures; Water Leakage; Watering systems in landscape areas should be used; Rainwater should be collected and recycled (eg, for flushing in bathrooms).

Reduce or restore waste materials and heat: By design, recover waste materials and heat generated by construction operations; consider storage transportation for recycling materials.

Check internal equipment: The basic building provides meeting rooms and business centers that can change location. By design, waste is avoided; the furniture arrangement allows for flexible staffing arrangements with minimal changes. Check the use of hazardous materials.

5. Assess the restoration of all materials and equipment after the end of the building's service life: fully consider the possibility of reuse and repair.

Third, the conclusion

The above is a simple tour of the ecological design using existing standards. Designers should be reminded that this list is not completely comprehensive and that the applicable standards are changing with the development of eco-design technologies and theories.



Source: Arting365.com |